How Cargo Position Changes Axle Loads
Moving cargo 1 metre along the trailer shifts over 1,000 kg between axle groups. Learn the physics, the EU limits, and how to balance every load correctly.
5th wheel limit
12,000 kg
Trailer bogie
21,000 kg
Drive bogie
19,000 kg
Steer axle
7,500 kg
Max GVW
40,000 kg
Axle Load Visualizer
Move the slider to see how cargo position changes axle loads
↑ Move cargo toward door
How to distribute axle loads correctly
Follow this sequence before every loaded trip.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
EU axle load limits for tractor-trailers
Standard limits under EC Directive 96/53. Individual member states may apply stricter national rules.
Max GVW (5-axle)
40,000 kg
44,000 kg for intermodal
Steer axle
7,500 kg
Single non-driven axle
Drive bogie
19,000 kg
Dual axle, ≥1.8 m spacing
Trailer bogie
21,000 kg
Dual axle, ≥1.3 m spacing
Kingpin (5th wheel) load
The kingpin load is the vertical force on the 5th wheel plate. It is not measured directly by roadside axle scales — inspectors calculate it from steer and drive axle readings. Exceeding 12,000 kg stresses the tractor frame and triggers an automatic prohibition order in most EU countries.
Overload fines
Fines are applied per overloaded axle group. Germany, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia apply the harshest penalties. The driver, haulier, and loading company can all be held liable simultaneously. Repeat violations result in licence suspension.
When to recalculate
EU regulations place responsibility for load distribution on both the driver and the loading party. A printed loading plan with calculated axle weights is your primary legal defence in a roadside inspection. Recalculate after any cargo change, including partial unloads on multi-drop routes.
Frequently Asked Questions
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